Glossary entry (derived from question below)
английский term or phrase:
grass-roots lobbying
русский translation:
лоббирование снизу
Added to glossary by
Yuri Smirnov
Sep 19, 2003 10:41
20 yrs ago
2 viewers *
английский term
grass-roots lobbying
английский => русский
Искусство/Литература
Журналистика
journalism
Media advocacy uses a set of techniques drawn from public relations, advertising, investigative journalism, and grass-roots lobbying
Proposed translations
(русский)
Proposed translations
+2
6 мин
Selected
лоббирование снизу
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Note added at 9 mins (2003-09-19 10:50:19 GMT)
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На контрапункте лоббированию сверху. Промывают мозги простому народу, а он потом готов любого задушить, потому что уверен, что стоит за правду. Свою правду. Хотя она ему наоборот часто боком вылезает, да и никакая не правда вовсе. См. новейшую историю России или Беларуси.
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Note added at 10 mins (2003-09-19 10:51:27 GMT)
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... россиян, нужна политическая воля или, при ее
отсутствии, мощное лоббирование снизу. ...
www.yat.ru/2002/01/8-10.htm
... во многих случаях осуществляется по инициативе
\"снизу\", непосредственно от самих ...
www.sulakshin.ru/lobby/lobby4.htm
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Note added at 10 mins (2003-09-19 10:51:46 GMT)
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... Собственно, это лоббирование снизу с помощью
организации различных массовых кампаний ...
enbv.narod.ru/text/Econom/korolko/str/10.html
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Note added at 9 mins (2003-09-19 10:50:19 GMT)
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На контрапункте лоббированию сверху. Промывают мозги простому народу, а он потом готов любого задушить, потому что уверен, что стоит за правду. Свою правду. Хотя она ему наоборот часто боком вылезает, да и никакая не правда вовсе. См. новейшую историю России или Беларуси.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 10 mins (2003-09-19 10:51:27 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
... россиян, нужна политическая воля или, при ее
отсутствии, мощное лоббирование снизу. ...
www.yat.ru/2002/01/8-10.htm
... во многих случаях осуществляется по инициативе
\"снизу\", непосредственно от самих ...
www.sulakshin.ru/lobby/lobby4.htm
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 10 mins (2003-09-19 10:51:46 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
... Собственно, это лоббирование снизу с помощью
организации различных массовых кампаний ...
enbv.narod.ru/text/Econom/korolko/str/10.html
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Thanks very much"
+2
4 мин
формирование общественного мнения
дословно "лоббирование в низах", но по сути пропаганда в широких массах
38 мин
массовое/социальное лоббирование; широкое лоббирование рядовых граждан
Фактически - это умелая организация массовых "стихийных" проявлений и акций .
Так, например, разжигается национальная рознь.
Социальное лоббирование через СМИ
http://www.adic.org.ua/nosmoking/books/signals/08.htm
консервaтизм рядовых грaждaн = grass-roots conservatism
http://info.study.ru/?open=3aa4185e.20c4
Правозащитники, представляющие собой самовозникающий, или "grass root", уровень.
http://www.hro.org/editions/hrdef/100/0102.htm
В английском языке существует такой термин - "grass-root democracy" - демократия "корней травы". ...именно местное самоуправление предоставляет широкие возможности для участия граждан в политическом процессе.
http://www.socio.spb.ru/art.php3?rub=131&id=10250
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Note added at 2003-09-19 11:35:14 (GMT)
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Вот интересный текст. Бухгалтерские документы иногда очень красноречивы...
CHAPTER I--INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
PART 56--PUBLIC CHARITY EXCISE TAXES--Table of Contents
Sec. 56.4911-6 Records of lobbying and grass roots expenditures.
(a) Records of lobbying expenditures. An electing public charity
must keep a record of its lobbying expenditures for the taxable year.
Lobbying expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying, as described in paragraph (b) of this section;
(2) Amounts directly paid or incurred for direct lobbying, including payments to another organization earmarked for direct lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for direct lobbying, and printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in direct lobbying;
(3) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for direct lobbying;
(4) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for direct lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(5) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead, and other
general expenditures attributable to direct lobbying;
(6) Expenditures for publications or for communications with members to the extent the expenditures are treated as expenditures for direct lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(7) Expenditures for direct lobbying of a controlled organization
(within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) to the extent included by a controlling organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) in its lobbying expenditures.
(b) Records of grass roots expenditures. An electing public charity must keep a record of its grass roots expenditures for the taxable year.
Grass roots expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Amounts directly paid or incurred for grass roots lobbying,
including payments to other organizations earmarked for grass roots lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for grass roots lobbying, and the printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in grass roots lobbying;
(2) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for grass roots lobbying;
(3) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for grass roots lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(4) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead and other
general expenditures attributable to grass roots lobbying;
(5) Expenditures for publication or communications that are treated as expenditures for grass roots lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(6) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying of a controlled
organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c))
Sec. 56.4911-6 Records of lobbying and grass roots expenditures.
(a) Records of lobbying expenditures. An electing public charity
must keep a record of its lobbying expenditures for the taxable year.
Lobbying expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying, as described in paragraph (b) of this section;
(2) Amounts directly paid or incurred for direct lobbying, including payments to another organization earmarked for direct lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for direct lobbying, and printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in direct lobbying;
(3) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for direct lobbying;
(4) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for direct lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(5) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead, and other
general expenditures attributable to direct lobbying;
(6) Expenditures for publications or for communications with members to the extent the expenditures are treated as expenditures for direct lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(7) Expenditures for direct lobbying of a controlled organization
(within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) to the extent included by a controlling organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) in its lobbying expenditures.
(b) Records of grass roots expenditures. An electing public charity must keep a record of its grass roots expenditures for the taxable year.
Grass roots expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Amounts directly paid or incurred for grass roots lobbying,
including payments to other organizations earmarked for grass roots lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for grass roots lobbying, and the printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in grass roots lobbying;
(2) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for grass roots lobbying;
(3) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for grass roots lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(4) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead and other
general expenditures attributable to grass roots lobbying;
(5) Expenditures for publication or communications that are treated as expenditures for grass roots lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(6) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying of a controlled
organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c))
Так, например, разжигается национальная рознь.
Социальное лоббирование через СМИ
http://www.adic.org.ua/nosmoking/books/signals/08.htm
консервaтизм рядовых грaждaн = grass-roots conservatism
http://info.study.ru/?open=3aa4185e.20c4
Правозащитники, представляющие собой самовозникающий, или "grass root", уровень.
http://www.hro.org/editions/hrdef/100/0102.htm
В английском языке существует такой термин - "grass-root democracy" - демократия "корней травы". ...именно местное самоуправление предоставляет широкие возможности для участия граждан в политическом процессе.
http://www.socio.spb.ru/art.php3?rub=131&id=10250
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2003-09-19 11:35:14 (GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Вот интересный текст. Бухгалтерские документы иногда очень красноречивы...
CHAPTER I--INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
PART 56--PUBLIC CHARITY EXCISE TAXES--Table of Contents
Sec. 56.4911-6 Records of lobbying and grass roots expenditures.
(a) Records of lobbying expenditures. An electing public charity
must keep a record of its lobbying expenditures for the taxable year.
Lobbying expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying, as described in paragraph (b) of this section;
(2) Amounts directly paid or incurred for direct lobbying, including payments to another organization earmarked for direct lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for direct lobbying, and printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in direct lobbying;
(3) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for direct lobbying;
(4) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for direct lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(5) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead, and other
general expenditures attributable to direct lobbying;
(6) Expenditures for publications or for communications with members to the extent the expenditures are treated as expenditures for direct lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(7) Expenditures for direct lobbying of a controlled organization
(within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) to the extent included by a controlling organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) in its lobbying expenditures.
(b) Records of grass roots expenditures. An electing public charity must keep a record of its grass roots expenditures for the taxable year.
Grass roots expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Amounts directly paid or incurred for grass roots lobbying,
including payments to other organizations earmarked for grass roots lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for grass roots lobbying, and the printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in grass roots lobbying;
(2) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for grass roots lobbying;
(3) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for grass roots lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(4) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead and other
general expenditures attributable to grass roots lobbying;
(5) Expenditures for publication or communications that are treated as expenditures for grass roots lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(6) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying of a controlled
organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c))
Sec. 56.4911-6 Records of lobbying and grass roots expenditures.
(a) Records of lobbying expenditures. An electing public charity
must keep a record of its lobbying expenditures for the taxable year.
Lobbying expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying, as described in paragraph (b) of this section;
(2) Amounts directly paid or incurred for direct lobbying, including payments to another organization earmarked for direct lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for direct lobbying, and printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in direct lobbying;
(3) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for direct lobbying;
(4) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for direct lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(5) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead, and other
general expenditures attributable to direct lobbying;
(6) Expenditures for publications or for communications with members to the extent the expenditures are treated as expenditures for direct lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(7) Expenditures for direct lobbying of a controlled organization
(within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) to the extent included by a controlling organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) in its lobbying expenditures.
(b) Records of grass roots expenditures. An electing public charity must keep a record of its grass roots expenditures for the taxable year.
Grass roots expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Amounts directly paid or incurred for grass roots lobbying,
including payments to other organizations earmarked for grass roots lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for grass roots lobbying, and the printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in grass roots lobbying;
(2) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for grass roots lobbying;
(3) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for grass roots lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(4) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead and other
general expenditures attributable to grass roots lobbying;
(5) Expenditures for publication or communications that are treated as expenditures for grass roots lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(6) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying of a controlled
organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c))
+1
1 час
заигрывание с массами
по существу это именно оно...
Удачи!
Удачи!
8 час
"стихийное" лоббирование
Удачи, Helena7!
New English-Russian Dictionary (3 vol.) 250,000 words ISBN 5-200-01849-8
New English-Russian Dictionary (3 vol.) 250,000 words ISBN 5-200-01849-8
17 час
популизм
можно добавить дешевый.
Но тогда все предложение должны выглядеть по-другому: напр.
При поддержке средств массовой информации используются все методы:
реклама и т.д.
Но тогда все предложение должны выглядеть по-другому: напр.
При поддержке средств массовой информации используются все методы:
реклама и т.д.
1 дн 6 мин
работа с рядовым населением...
или популяризация (определенной идеи) среди рядового населения.
1 дн 1 час
лоббирование широкой общественности
привлечение широкой общественности к участию в обсуждении законопроектов и к воздействовию на принимаемые решения
Общественное обсуждение и получение общественной поддержки
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