This site uses cookies. Some of these cookies are essential to the operation of the site, while others help to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used. For more information, please see the ProZ.com privacy policy.
Cookie settings

Translation glossary: Chemitry II

Creator:
Laerte da Silva
Laerte da Silva
Filter
Reset
Showing entries 251-300 of 591
« Prev Next »
 
forceAn entity that when applied to a mass causes it to accelerate. Sir Isaac Newton\'s Second Law of mation states: the magnitude of a force = mass * acce 
English
fossil fuelshydrocarbon compounds that have been formed from buried plant and animal remains. High pressures and temperatures lasting over millions of years are r 
English
fractiona group of similar components of a mixture. Example: In the petroleum industry the light fractions of crude oil are those with the smallest molecules, 
English
fractional distillationthe separation of the components of a liquid mixture by heating them to their boiling points. 
English
fractionating columna glass column designed to allow different fractions to be separated when they boil. In industry, it may be called a fractionating tower. 
English
free electronElectron which is not attached to a nucleus. 
English
free energyThe energy of a system that is available to do work at constant temperature and pressure. 
English
free radicala very reactive atom or group with a \'spare\' electron. Example: methyl, CH3•. 
English
freezing pointthe temperature at which a substance undergoes a phase change from a liquid to a solid. It is the same temperature as the melting point. 
English
frequencyNumber of events in a given unit of time. When describing a moving wave, means the number of peaks which would pass a stationary point in a given amou 
English
fuela concentrated form of chemical energy. The main sources of fuels (called fossil fuels because they were formed by geological processes) are coal, cru 
English
fuel rodsthe rods of uranium or other radioactive material used as a fuel in nuclear power stations. fume chamber or fume cupboard a special laboratory chamber 
English
fumingan unstable liquid that gives off a gas. Very concentrated acid solutions are often fuming solutions. Example: fuming nitric acid. 
English
galvanisingapplying a thin zinc coating to protect another metal. 
English
gamma rayswaves of radiation produced as the nucleus of a radioactive element rearranges itself into a tighter cluster of protons and neutrons. Gamma rays carry 
English
ganguethe unwanted material in an ore. 
English
gas syringea glass syringe with a graduated cylinder designed to collect and measure small amounts of gases produced during an experiment. 
English
gas/gaseous phasea form of matter in which the molecules form no definite shape and are free to move about to uniformly fill any vessel they are put in. A gas can easi 
English
GaussianMathematical function shaped like the normal distribution, or bell curve. Used in approximating the wavefunction. 
English
Gaussian 94Computational tool for ab initio and other calculations. Must be used in conjunction with a visualization tool to produce images, usually run on a hig 
English
geiger counterInstrument that measures radiation output. 
English
gelatinous precipitatea precipitate that has a jelly-like appearance. Example: iron(iii) hydroxide. Because a gelatinous precipitate is mostly water, it is of a similar den 
English
Geometry (of a molecule)|GeometryDescription of bond lengths and angles. 
English
Geometry OptimizationCalculation to find a stable (local energy minimum) configuration of a molecule. 
English
glassa transparent silicate without any crystal growth. It has a glassy lustre and breaks with a curved fracture. Note that some minerals have all these fe 
English
glucosethe most common of the natural sugars (C6H12O6). It occurs as the polymer known as cellulose, the fibre in plants. Starch is also a form of glucose. 
English
Graham\'s lawThe rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight. 
English
granular precipitatea precipitate that has a grain-like appearance. Example: lead(ii) hydroxide. 
English
gravimetric analysisa quantitative form of analysis in which the mass (weight) of the reactants and products is measured. 
English
Greenhouse Effectan increase in the global air temperature as a result of heat released from burning fossil fuels being absorbed by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 
English
Greenhouse gasany of the various gases that contribute to the Greenhouse Effect. Example: carbon dioxide. 
English
Ground stateWhen electrons are in lowest possible orbitals. 
English
groupa vertical column in the Periodic Table. There are eight groups in the table. Their numbers correspond to the number of electrons in the outer shell o 
English
GTOGaussian Type Orbital, an approximation of the wavefunction using gaussian curves. See also \"orbital\", \"wavefunction\", \"gaussian\" H 
English
half lifeThe amount of time it takes for half an initial amount to disintegrate. 
English
half-lifethe time it takes for the radiation coming from a sample of a radioactive element to decrease by half. 
English
halidea salt of one of the halogens. 
English
halogenone of a group of elements including chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine in Group 7 of the Periodic Table. 
English
HamiltonianMathematical operator used in the Schroedinger Equation 
English
HartreeAmount of electrostatic repulsion between two electrons held one Bohr radius apart. Often used as atomic unit of energy. 
English
Hartree Fock approximationUsed to simplify Schroedinger\'s Equation. Breaks complex orbitals down into a series of one-electron orbitals. Also called self-consistent field (SCF 
English
heatthe energy that is transferred when a substance is at a different temperature to that of its surroundings. 
English
heat capacitythe ratio of the heat supplied to a substance, compared with the rise in temperature that is produced. 
English
heat of combustionthe amount of heat given off by a mole of a substance during combustion. This heat is a property of the substance and is the same no matter what kind 
English
Heat of FormationEnergy which would be required to form a molecule from dissociated atoms. If positive, the structure will not be formed spontaneously. Lower heats of 
English
Heisenberg uncertainty principleThis principle states that it is not possible to know a particle\'s location and momentum precisely at any time. 
English
HOMOHighest Occupied Molecular Orbital: Orbital with the most energy which contains an electron. 
English
Hybrid orbitalAn orbital produced by a combination of differently shaped orbitals. Eg, s 
English
hydratea solid compound in crystalline form that contains water molecules. Hydrates commonly form when a solution of a soluble salt is evaporated. The water 
English
hydrationthe process of absorption of water by a substance. In some cases hydration makes the substance change colour; in many other cases there is no colour c 
English
« Prev Next »

Public glossaries

My glossaries

Close search
All of ProZ.com
  • All of ProZ.com
  • Term search
  • Jobs
  • Forums
  • Multiple search